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The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| The Hamburg/RASS Catalogue of optical identifications. Northern high-galactic latitude ROSAT Bright Source Catalogue X-ray sources
We present the Hamburg/RASS Catalogue (HRC) of optical identificationsof X-ray sources at high-galactic latitude. The HRC includes all X-raysources from the ROSAT Bright Source Catalogue (RASS-BSC) with galacticlatitude |b| >=30degr and declination delta >=0degr . In thispart of the sky covering ~ 10 000 deg2 the RASS-BSC contains5341 X-ray sources. For the optical identification we used blue Schmidtprism and direct plates taken for the northern hemisphere Hamburg QuasarSurvey (HQS) which are now available in digitized form. The limitingmagnitudes are 18.5 and 20, respectively. For 82% of the selectedRASS-BSC an identification could be given. For the rest either nocounterpart was visible in the error circle or a plausibleidentification was not possible. With ~ 42% AGN represent the largestgroup of X-ray emitters, ~ 31% have a stellar counterpart, whereasgalaxies and cluster of galaxies comprise only ~ 4% and ~ 5%,respectively. In ~ 3% of the RASS-BSC sources no object was visible onour blue direct plates within 40\arcsec around the X-ray sourceposition. The catalogue is used as a source for the selection of(nearly) complete samples of the various classes of X-ray emitters.
| New periodic variables from the Hipparcos epoch photometry
Two selection statistics are used to extract new candidate periodicvariables from the epoch photometry of the Hipparcos catalogue. Theprimary selection criterion is a signal-to-noise ratio. The dependenceof this statistic on the number of observations is calibrated usingabout 30000 randomly permuted Hipparcos data sets. A significance levelof 0.1 per cent is used to extract a first batch of candidate variables.The second criterion requires that the optimal frequency be unaffectedif the data are de-trended by low-order polynomials. We find 2675 newcandidate periodic variables, of which the majority (2082) are from theHipparcos`unsolved' variables. Potential problems with theinterpretation of the data (e.g. aliasing) are discussed.
| RBSC-NVSS Sample. I. Radio and Optical Identifications of a Complete Sample of 1556 Bright X-Ray Sources
We cross-identified the ROSAT Bright Source Catalog (RBSC) and the NRAOVLA Sky Survey (NVSS) to construct the RBSC-NVSS sample of the brightestX-ray sources (>=0.1 counts s-1~10-12 ergscm-2 s-1 in the 0.1-2.4 keV band) that are alsoradio sources (S>=2.5 mJy at 1.4 GHz) in the 7.8 sr of extragalacticsky with |b|>15deg and δ>-40deg. Thesky density of NVSS sources is low enough that they can be reliablyidentified with RBSC sources having rms positional uncertainties>=10". We used the more accurate radio positions to make reliableX-ray/radio/optical identifications down to the POSS plate limits. Weobtained optical spectra for many of the bright identifications lackingpublished redshifts. The resulting X-ray/radio sample is unique in itssize (1557 objects), composition (a mixture of nearly normal galaxies,Seyfert galaxies, quasars, and clusters), and low average redshift[~0.1].
| The ROSAT Bright Survey: II. Catalogue of all high-galactic latitude RASS sources with PSPC countrate CR > 0.2 s-1
We present a summary of an identification program of the more than 2000X-ray sources detected during the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (Voges et al.1999) at high galactic latitude, |b| > 30degr , with countrate above0.2 s-1. This program, termed the ROSAT Bright Survey RBS, isto more than 99.5% complete. A sub-sample of 931 sources with countrateabove 0.2 s-1 in the hard spectral band between 0.5 and 2.0keV is to 100% identified. The total survey area comprises 20391deg2 at a flux limit of 2.4 x 10-12 ergcm-2 s-1 in the 0.5 - 2.0 keV band. About 1500sources of the complete sample could be identified by correlating theRBS with SIMBAD and the NED. The remaining ~ 500 sources were identifiedby low-resolution optical spectroscopy and CCD imaging utilizingtelescopes at La Silla, Calar Alto, Zelenchukskaya and Mauna Kea. Apartfrom completely untouched sources, catalogued clusters and galaxieswithout published redshift as well as catalogued galaxies with unusualhigh X-ray luminosity were included in the spectroscopic identificationprogram. Details of the observations with an on-line presentation of thefinding charts and the optical spectra will be published separately.Here we summarize our identifications in a table which contains opticaland X-ray information for each source. As a result we present the mostmassive complete sample of X-ray selected AGNs with a total of 669members and a well populated X-ray selected sample of 302 clusters ofgalaxies with redshifts up to 0.70. Three fields studied by us remainwithout optical counterpart (RBS0378, RBS1223, RBS1556). While the firstis a possible X-ray transient, the two latter are isolated neutron starcandidates (Motch et al. 1999, Schwope et al. 1999).
| The 74th Special Name-list of Variable Stars
We present the Name-list introducing GCVS names for 3153 variable starsdiscovered by the Hipparcos mission.
| New Extreme Ultraviolet-Selected Active Binaries from the ROSAT Wide Field Camera all Sky Survey
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995MNRAS.276..397J&db_key=AST
| Optical identification of EUV sources from the ROSAT Wide Field Camera all-sky survey
Optical identifications for 195 EUV sources located in the ROSAT WideField Camera all-sky survey are presented. We list 69 previously unknownEUV-emitting white dwarfs, 114 active stars, 7 new magnetic cataclysmicvariables and 5 active galaxies. Several of the white dwarfs haveresolved M-type companions, while five are unresolved white dwarf/M-starpairs. Finding charts are given for the optical counterparts.
| The ROSAT Wide Field Camera all-sky survey of extreme-ultraviolet sources - II. The 2RE Source Catalogue
During 1990-1991 the Wide Field Camera (WFC) on the ROSAT satelliteperformed the first all-sky survey at EUV wavelengths. The survey wasconducted in two `colours' using broad-band filters to define wavebandscovering the ranges 60-140 A and 112-200 A. It was fully imaging, witheffective spatial resolution of about 3 arcmin FWHM, and point sourcelocation accuracy of typically better than 1 arcmin. From an initialanalysis, Pounds et al. published the WFC Bright Source Catalogue (BSC)of 383 sources. In this paper we report results from reprocessing of thecomplete survey database; the resulting list of sources is the `2RE'Catalogue. It contains 479 sources, of which 387 are detected in bothsurvey wavebands, a significant advance on the BSC (80 per cent versus60 per cent). Improvements over the original BSC include: (i) betterrejection of poor aspect periods, and smaller random errors in theaspect reconstruction; (ii) improved background screening; (iii)improved methods for source detection; (iv) inclusion of atime-variability test for each source; (v) more extensive investigationof the survey sensitivity. We define the catalogue selection criteria,and present the catalogue contents in terms of tables and sky maps. Wealso discuss the sky coverage, source number-flux relations, opticalidentifications and source variability.
| A ROSAT XUV pointed phase source catalogue.
We present a catalogue of XUV sources from observations by the WideField Camera (WFC) on ROSAT during the pointed phase. The ROSAT WFC is atelescope sensitive in the extreme UV range (17-210eV) which observes inparallel with the ROSAT X-Ray Telescope (XRT). The 5916 pointedobservations processed are from the calibration and verification phasein June 1990 and from the period 9 Feb. 1991 to 15 July 1994. Thecatalogue contains 1022 independent source detections which correspondto 328 individual sources, many of which have been observed repeatedly.Each observation was done with one of four filters S_1_, S_2_, P_1_ andP_2_. Of the 328 sources 113 are new sources (they are not listed in the"2RE" catalogue) and 274 have been identified with optical counterparts.The catalogue contains coordinates, observed count rates, normalizedsource count rates and the proposed optical counterpart with itsspectral class. For observations with filters S_1_ and S_2_ an in-flightcalibration has been applied using data of White Dwarfs which wereassumed to have a constant flux and which were observed repeatedly (inpointed observations and/or during the All Sky Survey). In this way, itwas possible to correct for the time dependant degradation of thedetector efficiency and to normalize the count rates to those valid atthe beginning of the mission.
| Stroemgren photometry of F- and G-type stars brighter than V = 9.6. I. UVBY photometry
Within the framework of a large photometric observing program, designedto investigate the Galaxy's structure and evolution, Hβ photometryis being made for about 9000 stars. As a by-product, supplementary uvbyphotometry has been made. The results are presented in a cataloguecontaining 6924 uvby observations of 6190 stars, all south ofδ=+38deg. The overall internal rms errors of one observation(transformed to the standard system) of a program star in the interval6.5
| An optical Atlas of ROSAT Wide Field Camera EUV sources
The ROSAT Wide Field Camera has been detecting EUV sources since itslaunch in June 1990. A preliminary list of 384 bright sources has beensupplied by the Wide Field Camera team to the EUVE Guest ObserverCenter, and to the astronomical community. We have extracted 5.4 x 5.4arcmin images of all 384 WFC sources from the Space Telescope ScienceInstitute digitized sky archives. These images are presented asmosaicked finder charts for observers trying either to identify WFCsources or to characterize known sources.
| The ROSAT Wide Field Camera all-sky survey of extreme-ultraviolet sources. I - The Bright Source Catalogue
First comprehensive results from an initial processing of the ROSAT WideField Camera all-sky survey for cosmic sources of extreme-ultravioletradiation are presented. The reduction of the survey data has yielded acatalog of 383 relatively bright EUV sources, forming the WFC BrightSource Catalogue. Details of the EUV source positions and count ratesare given, as are optical identifications where known. It is found thatthe log N-log S distributions are unusually flat for the white dwarfstars, but almost Euclidean for the nearby main-sequence late-typestars. The sky distribution of identified white dwarfs is highlynonuniform, suggesting gross variations in the opacity of theinterstellar medium within about 100 pc.
| UBV photometry of stars whose positions are accurately known.
Photometric indices V, B-V, and U-B were measured for about 560 stars ofthe AGK3R and NPZT catalogs between BD declinations 11 deg and 23 deg,using the 40-cm Cassegrain telescope of the Kvistaberg Observatory fromApril 1986 to May 1987. The observation procedure and the reductiontechnique were the same as in the earlier papers of this series by Oja(1984, 1985, 1986, and 1987). The mean errors were calculated from theinternal consistency of the data. The accuracy was found to be the sameas for the earlier parts of the survey.
| Photoelectric photometry of stars near the north Galactic pole. II
UBV photometric observations of about 700 stars near the north Galacticpole, obtained using single-channel photometers on the 40-cm and 60-cmCassegrain telescopes at Kvistaberg Observatory (during 1976-1983) andthe Spanish International Observatory (during 1984), respectively, aspart of a program including the stars to be observed by the Hipparcosspacecraft, are reported. The data are presented in a series of tablesand briefly characterized.
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Leo |
| Right ascension: | 11h58m01.00s |
| Declination: | +14°02'16.5" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 8.433 |
| Distance: | 114.416 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -68.7 |
| Proper motion Dec: | 68.9 |
| B-T magnitude: | 9.135 |
| V-T magnitude: | 8.491 |
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