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The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| Improved Astrometry and Photometry for the Luyten Catalog. II. Faint Stars and the Revised Catalog
We complete construction of a catalog containing improved astrometry andnew optical/infrared photometry for the vast majority of NLTT starslying in the overlap of regions covered by POSS I and by the secondincremental Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) release, approximately 44%of the sky. The epoch 2000 positions are typically accurate to 130 mas,the proper motions to 5.5 mas yr-1, and the V-J colors to0.25 mag. Relative proper motions of binary components are measured to 3mas yr-1. The false-identification rate is ~1% for11<~V<~18 and substantially less at brighter magnitudes. Theseimprovements permit the construction of a reduced proper-motion diagramthat, for the first time, allows one to classify NLTT stars intomain-sequence (MS) stars, subdwarfs (SDs), and white dwarfs (WDs). We inturn use this diagram to analyze the properties of both our catalog andthe NLTT catalog on which it is based. In sharp contrast to popularbelief, we find that NLTT incompleteness in the plane is almostcompletely concentrated in MS stars, and that SDs and WDs are detectedalmost uniformly over the sky δ>-33deg. Our catalogwill therefore provide a powerful tool to probe these populationsstatistically, as well as to reliably identify individual SDs and WDs.
| The Hamburg/RASS Catalogue of optical identifications. Northern high-galactic latitude ROSAT Bright Source Catalogue X-ray sources
We present the Hamburg/RASS Catalogue (HRC) of optical identificationsof X-ray sources at high-galactic latitude. The HRC includes all X-raysources from the ROSAT Bright Source Catalogue (RASS-BSC) with galacticlatitude |b| >=30degr and declination delta >=0degr . In thispart of the sky covering ~ 10 000 deg2 the RASS-BSC contains5341 X-ray sources. For the optical identification we used blue Schmidtprism and direct plates taken for the northern hemisphere Hamburg QuasarSurvey (HQS) which are now available in digitized form. The limitingmagnitudes are 18.5 and 20, respectively. For 82% of the selectedRASS-BSC an identification could be given. For the rest either nocounterpart was visible in the error circle or a plausibleidentification was not possible. With ~ 42% AGN represent the largestgroup of X-ray emitters, ~ 31% have a stellar counterpart, whereasgalaxies and cluster of galaxies comprise only ~ 4% and ~ 5%,respectively. In ~ 3% of the RASS-BSC sources no object was visible onour blue direct plates within 40\arcsec around the X-ray sourceposition. The catalogue is used as a source for the selection of(nearly) complete samples of the various classes of X-ray emitters.
| On the link between rotation, chromospheric activity and Li abundance in subgiant stars
The connection rotation-CaII emission flux-lithium abundance is analyzedfor a sample of bona fide subgiant stars, with evolutionary statusdetermined from HIPPARCOS trigonometric parallax measurements and fromthe Toulouse-Geneva code. The distribution of rotation and CaII emissionflux as a function of effective temperature shows a discontinuitylocated around the same spectral type, F8IV. Blueward of this spectraltype, subgiants have a large spread of values of rotation and CaII flux,whereas stars redward of F8IV show essentially low rotation and low CaIIflux. The strength of these declines depends on stellar mass. Theabundance of lithium also shows a sudden decrease. For subgiants withmass lower than about 1.2 Msun the decrease is located laterthan that in rotation and CaII flux, whereas for masses higher than 1.2Msun the decrease in lithium abundance is located around thespectral type F8IV. The discrepancy between the location of thediscontinuities of rotation and CaII emission flux and log n(Li) forstars with masses lower than 1.2 Msun seems to reflect thesensitivity of these phenomena to the mass of the convective envelope.The drop in rotation, which results mostly from a magnetic braking,requires an increase in the mass of the convective envelope less thanthat required for the decrease in log n(Li). The location of thediscontinuity in log n(Li) for stars with masses higher than 1.2Msun, in the same region of the discontinuities in rotationand CaII emission flux, may also be explained by the behavior of thedeepening of the convective envelope. The more massive the star is, theearlier is the increase of the convective envelope. In contrast to therelationship between rotation and CaII flux, which is fairly linear, therelationship between lithium abundance and rotation shows no cleartendency toward linear behavior. Similarly, no clear linear trend isobserved in the relationship between lithium abundance and CaII flux. Inspite of these facts, subgiants with high lithium content also have highrotation and high CaII emission flux.
| HIPPARCOS age-metallicity relation of the solar neighbourhood disc stars
We derive age-metallicity relations (AMRs) and orbital parameters forthe 1658 solar neighbourhood stars to which accurate distances aremeasured by the HIPPARCOS satellite. The sample stars comprise 1382 thindisc stars, 229 thick disc stars, and 47 halo stars according to theirorbital parameters. We find a considerable scatter for thin disc AMRalong the one-zone Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) model. Orbits andmetallicities of thin disc stars show now clear relation each other. Thescatter along the AMR exists even if the stars with the same orbits areselected. We examine simple extension of one-zone GCE models whichaccount for inhomogeneity in the effective yield and inhomogeneous starformation rate in the Galaxy. Both extensions of the one-zone GCE modelcannot account for the scatter in age - [Fe/H] - [Ca/Fe] relationsimultaneously. We conclude, therefore, that the scatter along the thindisc AMR is an essential feature in the formation and evolution of theGalaxy. The AMR for thick disc stars shows that the star formationterminated 8 Gyr ago in the thick disc. As already reported by Grattonet al. (\cite{Gratton_et.al.2000}) and Prochaska et al.(\cite{Prochaska_et.al.2000}), thick disc stars are more Ca-rich thanthin disc stars with the same [Fe/H]. We find that thick disc stars showa vertical abundance gradient. These three facts, the AMR, verticalgradient, and [Ca/Fe]-[Fe/H] relation, support monolithic collapseand/or accretion of satellite dwarf galaxies as likely thick discformation scenarios. Tables 2 and 3 are only available in electronicform at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5)or via http:/ /cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/ cgi-bin/qcat?J/ A+A/394/927
| Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
| Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part III. Additional fundamental stars with direct solutions
The FK6 is a suitable combination of the results of the HIPPARCOSastrometry satellite with ground-based data, measured over a longinterval of time and summarized mainly in the FK5. Part III of the FK6(abbreviated FK6(III)) contains additional fundamental stars with directsolutions. Such direct solutions are appropriate for single stars or forobjects which can be treated like single stars. Part III of the FK6contains in total 3272 stars. Their ground-based data stem from thebright extension of the FK5 (735 stars), from the catalogue of remainingSup stars (RSup, 732 stars), and from the faint extension of the FK5(1805 stars). From the 3272 stars in Part III, we have selected 1928objects as "astrometrically excellent stars", since their instantaneousproper motions and their mean (time-averaged) ones do not differsignificantly. Hence most of the astrometrically excellent stars arewell-behaving "single-star candidates" with good astrometric data. Thesestars are most suited for high-precision astrometry. On the other hand,354 of the stars in Part III are Δμ binaries in the sense ofWielen et al. (1999). Many of them are newly discovered probablebinaries with no other hitherto known indication of binarity. The FK6gives, besides the classical "single-star mode" solutions (SI mode),other solutions which take into account the fact that hidden astrometricbinaries among "apparently single-stars" introduce sizable "cosmicerrors" into the quasi-instantaneously measured HIPPARCOS proper motionsand positions. The FK6 gives, in addition to the SI mode, the "long-termprediction (LTP) mode" and the "short-term prediction (STP) mode". TheseLTP and STP modes are on average the most precise solutions forapparently single stars, depending on the epoch difference with respectto the HIPPARCOS epoch of about 1991. The typical mean error of anFK6(III) proper motion in the single-star mode is 0.59 mas/year. This isa factor of 1.34 better than the typical HIPPARCOS errors for thesestars of 0.79 mas/year. In the long-term prediction mode, in whichcosmic errors are taken into account, the FK6(III) proper motions have atypical mean error of 0.93 mas/year, which is by a factor of about 2better than the corresponding error for the HIPPARCOS values of 1.83mas/year (cosmic errors included).
| A catalog of rotational and radial velocities for evolved stars
Rotational and radial velocities have been measured for about 2000evolved stars of luminosity classes IV, III, II and Ib covering thespectral region F, G and K. The survey was carried out with the CORAVELspectrometer. The precision for the radial velocities is better than0.30 km s-1, whereas for the rotational velocity measurementsthe uncertainties are typically 1.0 km s-1 for subgiants andgiants and 2.0 km s-1 for class II giants and Ib supergiants.These data will add constraints to studies of the rotational behaviourof evolved stars as well as solid informations concerning the presenceof external rotational brakes, tidal interactions in evolved binarysystems and on the link between rotation, chemical abundance and stellaractivity. In this paper we present the rotational velocity v sin i andthe mean radial velocity for the stars of luminosity classes IV, III andII. Based on observations collected at the Haute--Provence Observatory,Saint--Michel, France and at the European Southern Observatory, LaSilla, Chile. Table \ref{tab5} also available in electronic form at CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| The ROSAT all-sky survey catalogue of optically bright main-sequence stars and subgiant stars
We present X-ray data for all main-sequence and subgiant stars ofspectral types A, F, G, and K and luminosity classes IV and V listed inthe Bright Star Catalogue that have been detected as X-ray sources inthe ROSAT all-sky survey; several stars without luminosity class arealso included. The catalogue contains 980 entries yielding an averagedetection rate of 32 percent. In addition to count rates, sourcedetection parameters, hardness ratios, and X-ray fluxes we also listX-ray luminosities derived from Hipparcos parallaxes. The catalogue isalso available in electronic form via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| The Einstein Extended Medium-Sensitivity Survey Second Epoch: Results for the Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995ApJS...99..701F&db_key=AST
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| The space density of active binaries from X-ray surveys.
We review the currently available data on active binaries selected fromEinstein observatory based X-ray surveys, and compare the inferred spacedensity with the available estimates based on optically selectedsamples. It is shown that, in contrast to previous reports, nodisagreement is present between the optical and X-ray based estimates,and that the space density of active binaries is likely to be smallerthan previous estimates based on X-ray selected data. In particular, weshow that of the 18 systems in the δ>-20deg subsample of theEinstein Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey previously classified asactive binaries, 6 are not to be considered as such, while a further 5have a somewhat doubtful status. The total space density we derive is7.7x10^-5^pc^-3^ if the 5 doubtful systems are retained and3.7x10^-5^pc^-3^ if they are excluded. Both values are substantiallylower than the value of 4.5x10^-4^pc^-3^ originally derived from thesame subsample of Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey fields. Also, themedian X-ray luminosity of X-ray selected active binaries is found to behigher than previously reported, and again in contrast with previousreports, we find no disagreement between the X-ray luminosities of X-rayand optically selected samples. We briefly discuss the implication ofthe revised value of the space density on the contribution of activebinaries to the soft X-ray background.
| The ROSAT All-Sky Survey of active binary coronae. I - Quiescent fluxes for the RS Canum Venaticorum systems
One hundred and thirty-six RS CV(n) active binary systems were observedwith the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) during theAll-Sky Survey component of the mission. The entire sky was surveyed,which represents the largest sample of RS CV(n) systems observed to dateat any wavelength, including X-rays. X-ray surface fluxes for the RSCV(n) systems are found to lie in the range 10 exp 4 to 10 exp 8 ergs/sqcm seconds. Surface flux as a function of (B - V) color is reported. Adecrease in surface flux with increasing rotation period for the entiresample is observed. The rotation period provides the best stellar ororbital parameter to predict the X-ray surface flux level. The absenceof correlation of F(x) or L(x) with Gamma is noted due to the fact thatthe coronal heating mechanism for these active stars must be magnetic incharacter, and the magnetic field depends on the interaction betweenconvection and differential rotation inside the star. X-ray propertiesof the RS CV(n) systems with 6 cm radio and C IV UV emission systems iscompared.
| A catalog of stellar Lyman-alpha fluxes
We present a catalog of stellar Ly-alpha emission fluxes, based on newand archival images obtained with the IUE spacecraft. The catalogincludes 227 stars with detectable Ly-alpha emission fluxes, and upperlimits on the Ly-alpha emission flux for another 48 stars. Multiple fluxmeasurements are given for 52 stars. We present a model for correctingthe observed Ly-alpha flux for attenuation by the local interstellarmedium, and we apply this model to derive intrinsic Ly-alpha fluxes for149 catalog stars which are located in low H I column density directionsof the local interstellar medium. In our catalog, there are 14 late-Aand early-F stars at B-V = 0.29 or less that show detectable emission atLy-alpha. We find a linear correlation between the intrinsic Ly-alphaflux and C II 1335 A flux for stars with B-V greater than 0.60, but theA and F stars deviate from this relation in the sense that theirLy-alpha flux is too low. We also find a good correlation betweenLy-alpha strength and coronal X-ray emission. This correlation holdsover most of the H-R diagram, even for the F stars, where an X-raydeficit has previously been found relative to the transition regionlines of C II and C IV.
| Fifth fundamental catalogue. Part 2: The FK5 extension - new fundamental stars
The mean positions and proper motions for 3117 new fundamental starsessentially in the magnitude range about 4.5 to 9.5 are given in thisFK5 extension. Mean apparent visual magnitude is 7.2 and is on average2.5 magnitudes fainter then the basic FK5 which has a mean magnitude of4.7. (The basic FK5 gives the mean positions and proper motions for theclassical 1535 fundamental stars). The following are discussed: theobservational material, reduction of observations, star selection, andthe system for the FK5 extension. An explanation and description of thecatalog are given. The catalog of 3117 fundamental stars for the equinoxand epoch J2000.0 and B1950.0 is presented. The parallaxes and radialvelocities for 22 extension stars with large forecasting effects aregiven. Catalogs used in the compilation of the FK5 fundamental catalogare listed.
| The Einstein Observatory Extended Medium-Sensitivity Survey. II - The optical identifications
The optical identifications are presented of the Einstein ExtendedMedium-Sensitivity Survey (EMSS), including the methodology used tooptically identify the EMSS sources and the uncertainties involved withthat process. The optical properties of the classes of X-ray, optical,and radio data for each of the identified and, as yet, unidentifiedsources of the survey are described. A new class of X-ray emitters,cooling flow galaxies, is proposed. The criteria used to determinewhether the proposed optical counterpart to the X-ray source is aplausible identification are described. Plausibility is based on theoptical classification of the counterpart, e.g., AGN, cluster, G star,and the X-ray-to-optical flux ratios previously observed for theseclasses of X-ray emitters. Two independent schemes of opticalclassification of the counterparts are used to check the plausibility ofthese identifications; one is based on moderate-resolution opticalspectroscopy, and the other, on inferred X-ray luminosity and theoverall energy distribution.
| The onset of chromospheric activity among the A and F stars
Results are reported from a search for an upper boundary for the onsetof main-sequence star activity based on a quest for high-temperature UVline emission in a large collection of IUE spectra. It is shown thatstrong chromospheric emission is common among early F dwarf and subgiantstars. At its brightest, the emission is equal to that of the mostactive solar-type stars and is exceeded only by that of the spotted RSCVn and BY Dra variables. It is suggested that the emission from themain-sequence stars reaches a peak near B-V = 0.28, in the vicinity ofspectral type F0 V, before it declines to lower flux levels among thelate A stars. Emission is seen in some dwarf stars as early as B-V =0.25. It is demonstrated that the C II emission of stars earlier thanthe spectral type F5 is uncorrelated with rotation. Previous findingsthat the coronal X-ray:chromospheric UV flux ratio is lower for starsearlier than spectral type F5 than for those later than F5 areconfirmed.
| Magnetic structure in cool stars. XVII - Minimum radiative losses from the outer atmosphere
The emissions in several chromospheric and transition region lines andin coronal soft X-rays are analyzed for a sample of cool stars. Thenature of the lower-limit flux densities is explored, and evidence isgiven for the possibility of a basal, nonmagnetic heating mechanismbeing responsible for these emission fluxes up to, and perhapsincluding, the upper transition region. It is argued that the excessflux density, derived by subtraction of the basal flux density from theobserved stellar flux, is the proper measure of magnetic activity. Thelevel of the basal flux density as a function of color is determined tobe 2 x 10 exp 6 erg/sq cm/s for F-type stars and 2 x 10 exp 5 erg/sqcm/s for K-type stars.
| The Einstein Observatory Extended Medium-Sensitivity Survey. I - X-ray data and analysis
This paper presents the results of the analysis of the X-ray data andthe optical identification for the Einstein Observatory ExtendedMedium-Sensitivity Survey (EMSS). The survey consists of 835serendipitous sources detected at or above 4 times the rms level in 1435imaging proportional counter fields with centers located away from theGalactic plane. Their limiting sensitivities are about (5-300) x 10 tothe -14th ergs/sq cm sec in the 0.3-3.5-keV energy band. A total area of778 square deg of the high-Galactic-latitude sky has been covered. Thedata have been analyzed using the REV1 processing system, which takesinto account the nonuniformities of the detector. The resulting EMSScatalog of X-ray sources is a flux-limited and homogeneous sample ofastronomical objects that can be used for statistical studies.
| The relation between X-ray emission and rotation in late-type stars from the perspective of X-ray selection
An X-ray-selected sample of 128 late-type (F-M) stars analyzed. Thesestars were identified as optical counterparts to serendipitous X-raydetections made by the Einstein Observatory Extended Medium SensitivitySurvey. Once identified as X-ray sources, the sample was followed up byan extensive program of optical observations, including high-resolutionand low-resolution spectroscopy and photometry. Spectral types,luminosity classes, distances, X-ray luminosities, projected rotationrates (v sin i), radial velocities, and binary status have beendetermined for the sample.
| X-ray-selected candidates for the RS CVn and W UMa classes of binary stars
X-ray luminosity, spectral type, radial-velocity variation, rotationallybroadened line profile, and Ca II H and K line emission data are used toidentify 12 new candidates for the RS CVn class and seven new candidatesfor the W UMa class from spectroscopic binaries which are contained inthe Einstein Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey. Under the assumptionthat the candidates are genuine members of each class, local spacedensity estimates of 4.47 + or - 1.19 x 10 to the -4th/cu pc for RS CVnbinaries and 8.47 + or - 3.00 x 10 to the -5th/cu pc for W UMa binariesare found. Although the density estimate for the W UMa binaries is shownto be consistent with previous estimates obtained from opticallyselected samples, the estimate for the RS CVn binaries is more than anorder of magnitude greater than previously determined space densities.
| Magnetic structure in cool stars. XV - The evolution of rotation rates and chromospheric activity of giants
For cool giants and subgiants the observed dependence of rotationalvelocity and Ca II H and K line-core emission on color B-V isinterpreted in terms of changes in the moment of inertia by stellarevolution. Modeling of the rotational velocity during the evolution ofcool giants with masses between 2.0 and 3.0 solar masses, by taking intoaccount the change in the moment of inertia and assuming rigid-bodyrotation and conservation of angular momentum, describes the observeddecrease of v sin i with B-V. The computed evolution of the rotationalvelocity, together with the empirical relation between the Ca IIline-core emission and the rotation rate, explain the observed drop inthe Ca II line-core emission for giants at B-V = about 0.95. Forsubgiants with masses of about 1.5 solar mass, the change in the momentof inertia by itself cannot explain the observed v sin i distribution:there are indications of loss of angular momentum, presumably bymagnetic braking.
| New X-ray and optical observations of the X-ray discovered QSO-galaxy pair 1E 0104.2 + 3153
New X-ray and optical observations are presented of the QSO-galaxy pair1E 0104.2 + 3153, originally discovered as a serendipitous source in theEinstein Observatory Medium Sensitivity Survey (Gioia et al., 1984).Results from an extremely deep Exosat observation are used to suggestthat the QSO rather than the compact group of galaxies is the opticalcounterpart of the IPC source. High-resolution (1-A) spectroscopy of thebroad-absorption-line QSO, which fails to confirm the Ca II H and Kabsorption features reported by Stocke et al., (1984), is presented anddiscussed. The presence of broad absorption lines in the QSO spectrummay indicate that intrinsic absorption is the cause of the nondetectionof this source in the soft Exosat energy band. Optical monitoring of theQSO over a 2-yr period indicates variability. Possible interpretationsof this phenomenon are intrinsic luminosity variation or a cessation ofa gravitational lensing effect acting at the time of the Einsteinobservation.
| An Einstein Observatory X-ray survey of main-sequence stars with shallow convection zones
The results of an X-ray survey of bright late A and early F stars on themain B-V sequence between 0.1 and 0.5 are presented. All the stars wereobserved with the Einstein Observatory for a period of at least 500seconds. The survey results show significantly larger X-ray luminositiesfor the sample binaries than for the single stars. It is suggested thatthe difference is due to the presence of multiple X-ray sources inbinaries. It is shown that the X-ray luminosities for single starsincrease rapidly with increasing color, and that the relation Lx/Lbol isequal to about 10 to the -7th does not hold for A stars. No correlationwas found between X-ray luminosity and projected equatorial rotationvelocity. It is argued on the basis of the observations that X-rayemission in the sample stars originated from coronae. The availableobservational evidence supporting this view is discussed.
| Chromospheric-coronal emission and rotation in cool MS stars Discordant correlations explained
Data from ground and space observations (IUE and Einstein Observatories)of Ca2, C4, UV and X-ray emission from late main sequence stars F7-M2are discussed. The relation between rotation and emission in thechromospheres, transition regions, and coronae is examined and comparedto relations derived from previous measurements. It is shown that theLk, L4 and Lx emission luminosities of main stars decrease exponentiallywhen the rotational period increases, regardless of the spectral type ofthe stars. Coefficients in the correlation are found to be in goodagreement with observed power-law relations between C4 and X-rayemission and chromospheric emission. The effect of rotation period ondynamo-generated magnetic field is briefly discussed.
| Ultraviolet resonance line emissions observed with IUE
Observations of ultraviolet emission line spectra obtained with the IUEin the region 1200 to 2000 A are reported. Low resolution spectra for arepresentative sample of main sequence stars in the spectral range A5 toK5 and the supergiant alpha Agr are considered. High excitationtemperature lines are detected in stars later than A7 and absolutefluxes are determined. The detection of stellar chromospheres andtransition region features in stars earlier than FO is discussed. The CIV emission flux decreases with the effective temperature of mainsequence; low emission quiet stars are distinguished. Other transitionregion emission lines show comparable fluxes to the C IV with noparticular trend against the formation temperature. Flux ratios to thequiet Sun in all F stars show an increasing trend with the excitationtemperature and show a minimum near the C IV line formation temperature,as the active Sun to quiet ratio does.
| The Hyades main sequence
Intermediate band, H-beta and RI observations of 72 Hyades cluster starsto V = 11 mag are reported and discussed. A modulus of 3.2 mag isderived on the basis of a comparison with field stars of large parallax.Also presented are observations of 98 main-sequence stars of the Hyadesgroup that were previously found to be group members from kinematicalconsiderations. Parallaxes of the group stars, computed on theassumption that they are members of an extended Hyades cluster, yieldmean values of (U, V, W) = (+40.5, -18.4, -4.9) km/s, with dispersionsof (2.3, 2.3, 6.0) km/s, compared with (+41.7, -18.4, -2.0) and (2.6,1.3, 1.9) km/s for the brightest cluster members. It is noted that allthe stars discussed can be considered as members of a supercluster inwhich only a slight relaxation control of the W velocities is presentfor stars far from the nucleus. Evidence is found, including that of thePraesepe cluster at Z = +80 pc, for some interchange between the U, V,and W velocities in stars farthest from the galactic plane, with thetotal cluster velocity being maintained.
| The fourth meridian catalog of Besancon Observatory
The catalog presented gives differential meridian positions for 670F-type stars between plus 15 and plus 45 deg declination. The positionsare reduced to the equinox of 1950.0 without proper motions; 333 FK4stars were used as reference stars. A minimum of three and an average offive transits of each program star were observed photoelectrically usinga Gautier transit circle and a Hog grid. The internal accuracy ofindividual measurements is shown to range from 0.013 sec in rightascension and 0.30 arcsec in declination for brighter stars under betterobserving conditions to 0.020 sec in right ascension and 0.38 arcsec indeclination for fainter stars under worse conditions. The standarderrors were applied to compute weighted mean positions, mean epochs, andunweighted means for the program stars. Mean corrections for 283 FK4stars are also provided.
| Chromospheric MG II emission in A5 to K5 main sequence stars from high resolution IUE spectra
Observations of the emission cores of the Mg II resonance doublet for 11main sequence stars in the spectral type range A5-K5 obtained with theIUE satellite at 0.2 A resolution are discussed. Calibrated observedfluxes are used to evaluate the Mg II chromospheric losses as theycorrelate with effective temperature convection and rotation and otherchromospheric indicators. Mg II emission and therefore chromosphere arefound on main sequence stars as early as A7, B-V equals 0.22 m. Thechromospheric radiative losses from the h and k line are discussed interms of the effective temperature and the rotation period. The k lineflux normalized to the bolometric flux appears to be independent of theeffective temperature. There is evidence of an exponential decrease ofthe Mg II flux as the rotation period increases, not dependent on thespectral type. The Mg II/Ca II flux ratio decreases in stars of higherlosses as it does in solar plages of higher brightness.
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Poissons |
| Right ascension: | 01h08m01.30s |
| Declination: | +32°00'44.0" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 6.25 |
| Distance: | 41.894 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | 204 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -28.7 |
| B-T magnitude: | 6.694 |
| V-T magnitude: | 6.269 |
Catalogs and designations:
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